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Junayd of Baghdad

Persian Islamic mystic and Sufi saint (–)

Abu 'l-Qasim al-Junayd ibn Muhammad al-Baghdadi
Junayd of Baghdad invites the Christian youth to accept Islam at the Sufi meeting, witnessed by Saqati, from "Breaths of intimacy" (Nafaḥāt al-uns), by Jami (d. ). Persian-language manuscript created in Ottoman-held Baghdad, dated
Title	Sayyid at-Taifa
Born	Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
Died	(aged&#;79&#;80) Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
Main interest(s)	Sufism, Tassawuf, ishq, theology, philosophy, logic, fiqh
Notable idea(s)	Ishq^{[clarification needed]}
Religion	Islam
Denomination	Sunni
Jurisprudence	Shafi^[1]

Junayd of Baghdad (Persian: جُنیدِ بَغدادی; Arabic: الجنيد البغدادي) was a Persian^[4]^[5] mystic and one of the most famous of the preliminary Islamic saints.

He is a central figure in the spiritual lineage of many Sufi orders.

Junayd taught in Baghdad throughout his lifetime and was an important figure in the growth of Sufi doctrine. Like Hasan of Basra before him, was widely revered by his students and disciples as well as quoted by other mystics.

The document provides biographical information about the early Sufi scholar Al-Junayd al-Baghdadi. It discusses his family background and upbringing in Baghdad, Iraq. It describes his ahead education in law, hadith, and theology before turning to Sufism under the guidance of Al-Harith al-Muhasibi.

Because of his importance in Sufi theology, Junayd was often referred to as the "Sultan".^[6]

Early life and education

The accurate birth date of Abu-l-Qāsim al-Junayd ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Junayd al-Khazzāz al-Qawārīrī (Arabic: أبو القاسم الجنيد بن محمد الخزاز القواريري) is disputed and ranges from to AH according to Abdel-Kader.^[7] His death is more certain and ranges from to AH ( to CE).

It is believed that al-Junayd was of Persian ancestry, with his ancestors originating in Nihawand in modern-day Iran. Al-Junayd was raised by his uncle Sirri Saqti^[8] after creature orphaned as a boy. Al-Junayd's early education included teachings from Abū Thawr, Abū 'Ubayd, al-Ḥārith al-Muḥãsibī, and Sarī ibn Mughallas.^[2]^[3]^[9]

Hagiography

As to the hagiography by Attar of Nishapur, the Tazkirat al-Awliya, had felt the pain of divine separation since childhood.

Regardless of spiritual sorrow, he was known for his quick kind and discipline when Sirri Saqti accepted him. According to Attar, Junayd was only seven years of age when Sirri Saqti took him along for the Hajj. In al-Masjid an-Nabawi, there were sheikhs discussing the idea of ‘thankfulness’ whereby each expounded his own view.

When Sirri Saqti told him to display his definition, Junayd said, "Thankfulness means that should not disobey God by means of the favour which he has bestowed upon you nor make of His favour a source of disobedience." The sheikhs unanimously agreed that no other words could define the term better.

Sirri Saqti asked Junayd from where he could learn all this.

Abu al-Qasim ibn Muhammad Junayd, al-Baghdadi [d. To Ibn Kullab who was asking him about tasawwuf he replied:. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment facts is processed.

Junayd replied, "From sitting with you."^[10]

Spiritual journey

His traditional hagiography continues by stating that Junayd went back to Baghdad and took up selling glasses. However, he spent most of the time in prayer.

Hence, he retired to the porch of Sirri Saqti's house and kept himself away from worldly matters, devoting his thoughts only to God. People need to "relinquish natural desires, to wipe out human attributes, to discard selfish motives, to cultivate spiritual qualities, to devote oneself to true knowledge, to do what is best in the context of eternity, to wish excellent for the entire community, to be truly faithful to God, and to follow the Prophet in the matters of the Shari’a."^[11] This starts with the practice of asceticism (zuhd) and continues with withdrawal from culture, intensive concentration on devotion (ibadah) and remembrance (dhikr) of God, sincerity (ikhlas), and contemplation (muraqaba) respectively; contemplation produces fana.^[11]

Junayd use 40 years in his mystic course praying while sacrificing his sleep and any other worldly desires, but then a conceit in his heart arose that he has achieved his goal.^{[citation needed]} By then he inspired by God that "He who is not worthy of union, all his good works are but sins." This meant that the prayers which become a source of pride are useless, as true prayer makes a person more humble and passionate to God.

His name became famous in many parts of the world despite the persecution he faced and the tongues of slander shot at him. Even then, he did not start preaching until 30 of the great saints indicated to him that he should now call men to God.

However, he chose not to preach as yet, saying, "While the master is there, it is not seemly for the disciple to preach." After witnessing Muhammad in his dream commanding him to preach, he had to listen to Sirri Saqtiy.^{[citation needed]} The intensity of ishq poured out of a speech of Junayd such that out of the 40 people he first preached, 18 died and 22 fainted.^[8] His caliph and most dear disciple was Abu Bakr Shibli.^[10]

Works by Junayd

Junayd helped create the "sober" school of Sufi thought, which meant that he was very logical and scholarly about his definitions of various virtues, tawhid, etc.

Sober Sufism is characterized by people who "experience fana [and] do not subsist in that state of selfless absorption in God but find themselves returned to their senses by God. Such returnees from the experience of generosity are thus reconstituted as renewed selves," just like an intoxicated person sobering up.^[12] For example, Junayd is quoted as saying, "The water takes on the color of the cup." While this might seem rather confusing at first, ‘Abd al-Hakeem Carney explains it as: "When the water is understood here to refer to the Light of Divine self-disclosure, we are led to the important concept of 'capacity,' whereby the Divine epiphany is received by the heart of any person according to that person’s particular receptive capacity and will be 'colored' by that person’s nature".^[13]

Also, according to Sells, "Junayd seems to presuppose that his hearer or reader has had the experience about which he is speaking – or, even more radically, that the hearer or reader is able to enter that encounter, or some re-creation of it – at the moment of encounter with Junayd's words."^[8] This statement makes it seem prefer Junayd was writing to a specific sect of the elite that he described earlier.

The elite that he refers to are the elect, or "a tightly knit group of 'brethren' that Junayd designates by such phrases as 'the choice of believers' or 'the pure ones'.

Biographical note: al-Junayd al-Baghdadi - nur.nu: Junayd of Baghdad (Persian: جُنیدِ بَغدادی; Arabic: الجنيد البغدادي) was a Persian [4] [5] mystic and one of the most famous of the initial Islamic saints. He is a central figure in the spiritual lineage of many Sufi orders.

They play significant roles in the community of believers."^[12]

References

^THE BIOGRAPHIES OF THE ELITE LIVES OF THE SCHOLARS, IMAMS & HADITH MASTERS: Biographies of The Imams & Scholars.

Zulfiqar Ayub. May 2, &#; via Google Books.
^ ^a^bAnsari, Muhammad Abdul Haq. "THE DOCTRINE OF ONE ACTOR: JUNAYD'S VIEW OF TA W? D." The Muslim World (): "Junayd learned the Qur'an and studied Hadith and fiqh from Abu Thawr (d.

/), a prominent scholar of fiqh who dominated the stage in Iraq before"
^ ^a^b^cBorhan, Joni Tamkin. "A Survey of The Development of Islamic Economics Thought." Jurnal Usuluddin 10 ():
^Silvers, Laury ().

"al-Fatḥ al-Mawṣilī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE.
^Browne, Edward Granville (). A Literary History of Persia.
Muhammad b. al-Junayd al-Nehawandi al-Baghdadi, al-Khazzâr Abul Qasim. Sufi and one of the `ulema, he followed the fiqh of Abu Thawr. He took tasawwuf from his maternal uncle Sari al-Saqati and from al-Harith al-Muhasabi.
BiblioBazaar. ISBN&#;., page "It is noteworthy that both Bayazid and Junayd were Persians, and may very likely have imported to sufism."
^Concise Encyclopedia of Islam, C. Glasse, al-Junayd (p.

), Suhail Academy co.
^Abdel-Kader, Ali Hassan (). The life, personality and writings of al-Junayd&#;: a study of a third/ninth century mystic&#;; with an edition and translation [from the Arabic] of his writings.

London: Luzac.
He was al-Junayd b. Muhammad b. He took tasawwuf from his maternal uncle Sari al-Saqati and from al-Harith al-Muhasabi. He was called al-Khazzar because he was working with khazz silk.
pp.&#;1–3. ISBN&#;.
^ ^a^b^cSells, Michael A.. Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Koran, Mi'raj, Poetic and Theological Writings. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press, Print.
^Abdel-Kader, Ali Hassan, ed.

The Life, Personality and Writings of al-Junayd. Gibb Memorial Belief,
^ ^a^bTazkirat al-Awliya, Attar of Nishapur.
He is a pivotal figure in the spiritual lineage of many Sufi orders. Junayd taught in Baghdad throughout his lifetime and was an key figure in the development of Sufi doctrine. Read more on Wikipedia. Sincethe English Wikipedia page of Junayd of Baghdad has received more thanpage views.
London, England.: Penguin (Non-Classics), ISBN&#;, 32–38
^ ^a^bAnsari, Muhammad Abdul Haq. "The Doctrine of One Actor: Junayd's View of Tawhid." The Muslim World 1(): 33– Electronic.
^ ^a^bKaramustafa, Ahmet ().

Sufism: The Formative Period. University of California Squeeze. ISBN&#;.
^Carney, A. a.-H. (1 September ). "Imamate and Love: The Discourse of the Divine in Islamic Mysticism".
Tweet omarkn. The Imam of the World in his time, shaykh of the Sufis and "Diadem of the Knowers," he accompanied his maternal uncle Sari al-Saqati, al-Harith al-Muhasibi, and others. He took fiqh from Abu Thawr - in whose circle he would donate fatwas at twenty years of age - and, it was also said, from Sufyan al-Thawri. He once said: "Allah did not bring out a solo science on earth accessible to people except he gave me a share in its knowledge.
Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 73 (3): – doi/jaarel/lfi