Hugh percy 1st duke of northumberland
Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland
English peer, politician and landowner
"Hugh Smithson" redirects here. For other uses, see Hugh Smithson (disambiguation).
Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG, PC (c.&#;&#;&#; 6 June ) was an English peer, politician, and landowner.
Origins
Hugh Smithson was born c.&#;, the son of Langdale Smithson (b. ) of Langdale, and Philadelphia Reveley.
Hugh Smithson was born c. She was Baroness Percy in her own rightand indirect heiress of the Percy familywhich was one of the leading landowning families of England and had previously held the Earldom of Northumberland for several centuries. The title Earl of Northumberland passed by special remainder to Hugh Percy, as Elizabeth's husband, when her father died on 7 February ; he had been created 1st Earl of Northumberland in Inthe earl was created 1st Duke of Northumberland and was created Baron Lovaine on 28 Junewith a special remainder in favour of his younger son, Algernon [ 3 ] in reference to the Louvain family of the Landgraviate of Brabantwhich married the Percy heiress, was the inception of the Percy family of England.He was a grandson of Sir Hugh Smithson, 3rd Baronet, from whom he inherited the Smithson Baronetcy in [1]
Marriage, projects and patronages
United Kingdom legislation
| Hugh Earl of Northumberland's Specify and Arms Act | |
|---|---|
Parliament of Great Britain | |
| Long title | An Execute to enable Hugh Earl of Northumberland and Elizabeth Countess of Northumberland and Baroness Percy his Wife, and their Children, Progeny, and Issue, to take and use the Name of Percy, and bear and quarter the Arms of the Percys Earls of Northumberland. |
| Citation | 23 Geo.
2. c. 14Pr. |
| Royal assent | 12 April |
He changed his surname to Percy in , nine years after his marriage with Lady Elizabeth Seymour (–), daughter of The 7th Duke of Somerset, on 16 July , through a intimate act of Parliament, the Hugh Earl of Northumberland's Name and Arms Act (23 Geo.
2. c. 14Pr.).[2]
She was Baroness Percyin her own right, and indirect heiress of the Percy family, which was one of the leading landowning families of England and had previously held the Earldom of Northumberland for several centuries.
The title Earl of Northumberland passed by unique remainder to Hugh Percy, as Elizabeth's husband, when her father died on 7 February ; he had been created 1st Earl of Northumberland in In , the earl was created 1st Duke of Northumberland and was created Baron Lovaine on 28 June , with a special remainder in favour of his younger son, Algernon[3] (in reference to the Louvain family of the Landgraviate of Brabant, which married the Percy heiress, was the origin of the Percy family of England).
Richard de Percy, 5th Baron Percy (c. –) (who adopted the surname Percy), was the son of Joscelin of Louvain (–), styled "brother of the queen" (referring to Adeliza of Louvain, second wife of King Henry I of England, by his wife Agnes de Perci, suo jure Baroness Percy, the heiress of the Percy estates in England.) He was created a Knight of the Order of the Garter in and a Privy Counsellor in [citation needed]
He took a somewhat prominent part in politics as a follower of Lord Bute, and was one of George III's confidential advisers.
Duke of Northumberland is a noble title that has been created three times in English and British history, twice in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of Great Britain. The current holder of this title is Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland. InDudley advanced the claim of his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Greyto the English throne, but when she was deposed by Queen Mary IDudley was convicted of high treason and executed. However, all the titles became extinct on his death in as he left no heirs.He held the office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from to , and that of Master of the Horse from to [3]
Sir Hugh and Lord Brooke (later created Earl of Warwick) were the most crucial patrons of Canaletto in England. Smithson made a Grand Tour and was in Venice in , where he acquired two large Canalettos for his seat at Stanwick.
In he became one of the two vice presidents of the Society for the Encouragement of Learning. He rebuilt Stanwick Park c. –, mostly to his own designs. He was one of the commissioners for the building of Westminster Bridge, a structure he had Canaletto paint two more large canvases, c.
He built an observatory, designed by Robert Adam, on Ratcheugh Crag, at Longhoughton.[4]Thomas Chippendale dedicated his Gentleman & Cabinet maker's director () to him.
The duke and duchess were prominent patrons of Robert Adam for neoclassical interiors in the Jacobean mansion Northumberland House, the London seat of the Earls of Northumberland; it was demolished c.
– to enable the creation of Trafalgar Square. Remnants of the Northumberland House Glass Drawing-Room are preserved at the Victoria and Albert Museum. The greater Adam interiors for the Duke are at Syon House, executed in the s.
At Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, the Duke employed James Wyatt, whose work has been effaced by later remodellings. One or other Adam designed Brizlee Tower for the duke.[citation needed]
Landholdings / seats
- Alnwick Castle, Northumberland
- Syon House, Middlesex
- Northumberland House, Strand, London
- Stanwick Hall, Stanwick St John, North Yorkshire, the seat of the Smithson baronets.
- Kielder Castle, in the Kielder Forest, Northumberland, a shooting box built in by the 1st Duke to his own design by William Newton.[6]
Death and burial
Hugh died in and was buried in the Northumberland Vault, within Westminster Abbey.[7][8]
Family
The duke and duchess had three children:[1]
By Elizabeth Hungerford Keate Macie
Further reading
- Cruickshanks, Eveline, biography of Smithson, Sir Hugh, 4th Bt.
(–86), of Stanwick, Yorks. and Tottenham, Mdx., published in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons –, ed. R. Sedgwick, SMITHSON, Sir Hugh, 4th Bt. (–86), of Stanwick, Yorks. and Tottenham, Mdx. | History of Parliament Online
References
- ^ ab"Percy [formerly Smithson], Hugh, first duke of Northumberland (bap.
, d.
Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG, PC (c. – 6 June ) was an English peer, landowner and art patron. He was born Hugh Smithson, the son of Langdale Smithson and grandson of Sir Hugh Smithson, 3rd Baronet from whom he inherited the baronetcy in
), politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online&#;ed.). Oxford University Press. doi/ref:odnb/ ISBN&#;. Retrieved 8 February
(Subscription or UK public library membership required.) - ^Deed Poll Office: Private Act of Parliament (23 Geo.
2).
For centuries, the powerful Percies, earls of Northumberland, were almost viceroys of northern England and the Scottish borderlands. Hugh, earl Percy was actually a member of the third Percy family, which was the product of a conscious and deliberate effort in the middle of the eighteenth century to re-establish those past glories De Fonblanque ; Brenan On his death inthe last earl of Northumberland left a daughter and heiress, Lady Elizabeth Percy, who had married the sixth duke of Somerset. On her death inher son, Algernon Seymour ; seventh duke, was created baron Percy in his own right, in recognition of her inheritance.c. 14
- ^ abChisholm, Hugh, ed. (). "Northumberland, Earls and Dukes of"&#;. Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;19 (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge University Urge . p.&#;
- ^Council, Northumberland County (12 June ).
"Northumberland Communities". .
- ^Inherited, with an estate worth £3, per annum, in by Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Bart., from his cousin and Middlesex MP, Hugh Smithson (c). (The History of Parliament: the House of Commons –, ed.
D. Hayton, E. Cruickshanks, S. Handley, ). The site previously belonged to the family of Hynningham. (The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Tottenham, Volume 2, William Robinson, ).
Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland - Wikipedia: Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG, PC (c. – 6 June ) was an English peer, politician, and landowner. Hugh Smithson was born c. , the son of Langdale Smithson (b. ) of Langdale, and Philadelphia Reveley. He was a grandson of Sir Hugh Smithson, 3rd Baronet, from whom he inherited the Smithson Baronetcy in [1].Monumental gate piers possibly came from the nearby Bruce Castle. Note the monogramme HS in the wrought iron gate. Photographed in May (The History of Parliament: the Home of Commons –, ed. R. Sedgwick, )
- ^Stuff, Good. "Kielder Castle, Kielder, Northumberland".The Percy family is an ancient English noble family. They were among the oldest and most powerful noble families in Northern England for much of the Middle Ages. The noble family is acknowledged for its long rivalry with the House of Nevilleanother family powerful in northern England during the 15th century. The feud between the two families, famous as the Percy-Neville feud led to the Wars of the Rosesat the time known as the Civil Wars, in England.
.
- ^Goode, George Brown (). The Smithsonian Institution, –, The History of Its First Half Century. Washington, D.C.: De Vinne Squeeze. p.&#;7.
- ^ ab, PixelToCode.
The heiress to the vast Percy estates married the Duke of Somerset; and her granddaughter married a Yorkshire knight, Sir Hugh Smithson, who in was created the first Duke of Northumberland and Earl Percy, and it is their descendants who now illustrate the famous old house.
"Elizabeth, Countess of Mexborough". Westminster Abbey.
- ^"James Smithson". Smithsonian History. Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved 6 May
External links
Media related to Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland at Wikimedia Commons